Probe traps are used to catch insects present at lower depths, such as red flour and flat grain beetles. Positioning can affect catch rates in studies, traps positioned at the surface caught significantly greater numbers of the granary weevil than traps located 5cm below the surface. They are typically located at the grain surface or a few centimeters below. These traps are particularly useful at monitoring beetle pests such as the granary weevil and the lesser grain borer. Pitfall traps are typically used without pheromone lures (although occasionally with food attractants) and are dependent upon insect activity, so at higher temperatures greater numbers will be caught. Trap design and location are also essential to the performance of any monitoring system. The most effective traps currently available include pitfall traps, probe traps, flight traps and floor traps. So what trapping systems should be used to monitor for stored product pests? This depends upon what pests are present and the product that is being stored. Furthermore, data acquired from monitoring enables targeted use of pesticides and is a useful barometer of success of implemented control strategies. Monitoring enables early detection of low-level infestations and indicates the location of infestations. Globally this approach is now being adopted in all markets affected by insect pests. chemical, biological, physical) to manage pest populations in an environmentally sustainable manner. IPM, in a nutshell, is a holistic approach to pest control using a variety of different strategies (e.g. Sensitive monitoring is essential to the success of any Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Plan. Sex pheromones are produced to attract the opposite sex, while aggregation pheromones attract both sexes. The pheromones of interest to us are sex or aggregation pheromones. Pheromones are chemicals produced by individuals of a species that are used to elicit a behaviour in individuals of the same species – a form of chemical communication. The most effective monitoring techniques use traps with pheromone lures or a food attractant. This is usually achieved by monitoring for the presence of insects or signs of their activity such as excreta, damaged grain or shed skins. Losses can be minimized if infestations can be quickly identified and appropriate control strategies adopted.
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